A major European study has found that group music-making, such as singing, can significantly reduce stress in people with dementia and depression living in care homes.

Led by the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, researchers tracked both biological and self-reported stress markers among 183 residents across care facilities in the Netherlands, Germany and Norway over six months. Participants took part in group musical activities, including choral singing and instrumental improvisation.

Saliva samples were analysed to measure levels of the stress hormone cortisol and the enzyme alpha-amylase, while participants also rated their own stress using a visual analogue scale. Both biological and self-reported stress levels decreased following the musical sessions.

The study, conducted as part of the international Music Intervention for Dementia and Depression in Elderly Care (MIDDEL) trial, demonstrates that non-drug treatments such as music therapy can effectively reduce stress and behavioural problems, including restlessness, in people with dementia.

People with dementia often experience increased stress, mood changes and depression. The study’s findings indicate that music activities not only improve well-being but also offer a safe, enjoyable alternative to medication.

The research team says the results strengthen the case for integrating music-based interventions into dementia care, reducing reliance on psychotropic drugs that carry limited benefits and potential side effects.

The full dissertation is available via the University of Groningen.